- Hearing loss (hearing loss) is the most common congenital disease in the newborn.
- 3 to 7 of every 1,000 babies have some degree of hearing loss. 50% of infants with hearing impairment are born healthy, no family history and no risk factors.
- For more than minimal hearing loss is a baby will interfere with their development.

Hearing loss is a hidden handicap, so its detection, diagnosis and intervention are delayed. Until very recently, hearing loss is detected late, generating significant delays in the child developing speech and language, as well as delays in the acquisition of their learning, thus compromising their future.

From the moment of birth, babies begin to develop language. Babies learn to talk through what they hear, the baby who has difficulty hearing have difficulties in language development.

It is important not to forget that language is the basis for the development of their learning beyond.
Since it is possible to check the hearing of the baby just born babies who have some hearing loss can get help before 6 months of life, avoiding significant delays in their learning that differ from their peers.

Recent research shows that children with hearing loss detection and intervention before 6 months of life are better able to develop their language skills than those who were diagnosed after 6 months of life.

What might be the causes of hearing loss?

Hearing loss can be generated in different stages of infant development. If the cause were prenatal (before birth) may indicate: intrauterine infections (syphilis, toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, HIV), family history of hearing loss in childhood, antibiotics, maternal alcoholism, irradiation, genetic alterations.

Perinatal (from the onset of labor at the first days of life): prematurity, anoxia, fetal distress, low birth weight (less than 1500 grams.) Prolonged respiratory mechanical assistance, RH incompatibility, antibiotics, bacterial infections (meningitis).

Postnatal causes (acquired during the development of the baby): head trauma, tumors, meningitis, encephalitis, recurrent ear infections, rubella, mumps, genetic tables. All infants with any of these risk factors should be audited periodically checks from the initial hearing screening is performed at birth.

The detection of hearing loss at birth allows for the possibility, if necessary, to help your baby during the first months of his life avoiding being installed that will limit a disadvantage in their development.

How can it be assessed hearing your baby?

The most important thing is to know that your baby will not feel pain or discomfort when your hearing evaluated. His hearing will be assessed through a procedure called Automated ABR. Soft sounds are presented to your baby’s ears through tiny earphones.

Three electrodes pick up brain responses to the presence of sound. This evaluation is done while your baby is asleep or quiet. The result will indicate if your baby has hearing within normal limits, or requires further evaluation.

It has several objectives, but mainly serves to allow parents to take the time necessary to elect the head professional future of the child after birth because the questions abound, and it is very beneficial to have someone you trust.

What kind of questions are asked in the consultation?

It is very important to ask your doctor about your office hours and availability, ie how to locate an emergency, especially at night or weekends.

It is also very useful to combine at this time which will be the strategy to follow in emergencies. Usually the doctor knows the call centers of the city where he works, and has their preferences.

Moreover, you can talk about post-partum, some professionals will track their patients by visiting the hospital, and this also agrees to this interview.

In addition, all parents who have questions can evacuate safely, and without the child in her arms. For example, how to take care of the umbilical cord, how the baby should sleep, what will the pediatrician pacifier use, what advice about breastfeeding, etc.

The pediatrician also serves …

For the doctor, prenatal interview is a unique opportunity to meet and attend the pre-history of the child. Since time is short not to weigh, measure and review, the pediatrician takes this long to start the link with the family, identify issues that cause anxiety to parents and talk about it, as well as explain the basic child care .

In turn, determine in detail the background of pregnancy, and the habits and customs of that family, produce a less technical clinical thinking, and much better adapted to the needs of each family. This facilitates enormously the task of the professional, and enriching the relationship

The functions of the brain are the creativity, imagination, problem solving, reasoning and reflection, kindness, empathy, compassion, responsibility, etc..

It is this brain that differentiates us from other animals, which is what gives us the ability to reason (which is not simply think, because animals also think, but the ability to think about what we have thought or what we have done before.

It is therefore the brain that allows us to evolve as a species.

The three brain must interact

Once explained one might think the human brain is the command to be provided and must cancel the other two, which are more aggressive, instinctive and dangerous.

The truth is that the ideal is that all are in operation and to interact with the wise management of the rational brain, but allowing the emotional and reptilian brains “have a voice.”

If for example a child grows up with low self-esteem, for whatever reason, and based their learning and experiences in continuous armor to avoid being hurt, can finally stop listening to the mammalian brain as a defense mechanism, passing too rational to live a life with no ability to engage in relationships.

Similarly there is a risk of losing the ability to empathize. If we fight for individuality of our children if we teach them to compete too much to be always winners (and therefore the other losers), we can get off that part of rational brain that help to think of others and so the child does matter too much run out of other people upset.

It is for this reason must exist and coexist three brains, contributing their appropriate stimuli, but with the rational management of the brain that sometimes we may disconnect at will rest for a while (a while watching programs from the heart or “El Diario” , for example, is a perfect exercise not to think – at the risk of attempting to disconnect the leads to the loss of a neuron, for how bad they are such programs – play something, feel emotions, touching, hugging, … .) It depends on us how to develop your human brain

A few months ago Eduard said in its program Punset networks ideal is that children are raised by their parents until age six. He did not say just because, or because you think women have to be at home taking care of the children (it has been crossed several times macho), but did so with children in mind.

Those first six years form the stage at which the human brain develops the most part and is the most critical both for good and for bad.

The type of parenting we offer and our responses to their actions and reactions (probably driven by their reptilian and mammalian brains) will influence the way you learn to use the rational brain.

The more comprehensive and more we help them manage their “problems”, they better learn to manage themselves. The more damage they do in the form of physical or verbal abuse in the form of abandoned or ignored, the more we can damage your self-esteem and emotional brain and more time will be the rational brain concerned with “acting” to balance those needs (”I find it hard to love and give everything, but I pretend that I love and give it all “).

The reptilian brain evolution appeared 300 million years ago. It is a more instinctive brain is based mainly on survival.

It controls bodily functions such as hunger, digestion and elimination, respiration, circulation, temperature, territorial instincts and the instinct of flight and fight (as you see, a whole pack of “accessories” to preserve the lives and safety of oneself).

You could say that part of the brain is more work when a baby is born. His main concern is to ensure food, heat and generally maintain vital signs and optimal wellness.

At the time some of this lack or failure, claims the baby, because that is what you need to stay alive.

The mammalian brain

This part of the brain is virtually identical to the chimpanzee brain. It is also called the emotional brain, as it is responsible for generating emotions or rational human brain has to learn to control.

This helps the rational brain to control the instincts of flight and fight the reptilian brain, depend upon fear, anger, social relationships, the anguish of separation, the game, the maternal instinct (and paternal), the momentum browser etc.

You could say that is the “heart” of the people. When someone says “my head tells me to do A, but my heart says to do B” is the emotional brain of the speaker.

The sound, which balances things as the foreground and the intelligence of the person is the one that says “A”, the emotional brain, which provokes a bug in the stomach when we see the person you love, that we you mourn with sadness and joy among many other things is the one that says “B” in this example.

In general, during the first months of lactation, it is not necessary to drink water to the infant, except in special situations such as heat, fever or diarrhea.

In principle, both the maternal and artificial milk will provide and the amount of liquid required for your body.

• But while breast milk requires no preparation, the powdered infant formula should be dissolved in a certain amount of water.

And what kind of water is most suitable? It is better to use low-mineralized mineral water (with a dry residue of not more than 140 mg / l), since formula already contains the right amounts of minerals needed for growth.

• If you prefer to use tap water to dilute milk powder, it is always necessary to leave it running for several minutes, to remove substances stuck in the ducts, and boil it forever, at least for ten minutes to sterilize it and make is lighter (less rich in minerals).

• Once the weaning, it is desirable to add water to your baby’s diet, in an amount equal to the weight of a meal. Drinking water is important, especially during the hot months, because you sweat more and therefore, you lose more fluids.

In the table below, we explain the daily quantities of liquid required by newborns and infants, depending on their age:
Age Average Weight (kg) Need (ml / day)
3 days 3 250-300
400-500 3.2 10 days
750-850 5.4 3 months
6 months 7.3 950-1100
9 months 1100-1250 8.6
1 years 9.5 1150-1300

The musician and teacher Don Campbell has selected some of the best compositions of Mozart to stimulate the minds of infants and children, in addition to providing an environment of peace and tranquility.

As we talked in Music for the baby, musical stimulation takes effect from the 20th week of gestation and therefore also recommended for pregnant women.

There are several cd’s of The Mozart Effect for the different stages at which the child is, even in pregnancy.

The musical works of each disc have been carefully chosen by the author, so that tempos, tones and texture of the music change with each selection, providing an enriching and educational experience for children of all ages.

Sure to find the appropriate, you can buy online, but surely, in your nearest music store, find also.

Feed refusal

This behavior must always be a concern, especially if it evolves the normal increase in weight. You should consult your pediatrician to rule out any disease and, if the baby is healthy, he will give you some advice (avoid excess shelter you numb not to establish a more rigid feeding schedule, etc. .).

Milk intolerance

The baby is too apathetic or irritable. Other symptoms include vomiting, rash, diarrhea or poor weight gain. First one, several or all of these symptoms, the doctor must rule out the possibility of allergy to milk or inborn metabolic disorders. In either case it requires feeding with formula milk adapted special.

Breast milk jaundice

Jaundice may persist after birth to 10 and 15 days. When held within that time and the baby breastfeeds, it is very possible that in the case of breast milk jaundice. This disorder is due to the fatty acid content of milk inhibits the normal metabolism of bilirubin. In these cases the urine is clear and there is no blood incompatibility with the mother. Should consult with your pediatrician, but this jaundice is not serious at all. Only in the event that was very intense, feeding should be discontinued a few days but generally not necessary.

Constipation

Breast-fed babies are rarely constipated.

The number of bowel movements varies widely, usually between 1 and 8 stools per day, or every time you make a shot.

The stool frequency often decreases progressively from the first month, regardless of type of feeding. Arriving three months, some babies have constipation, particularly if they take a bottle, it is possible to make a bowel movement every three or four days. The bowel movement will regulate by introducing other foods such as fruits and vegetables.

When the stool is very hard and is a real effort to evacuate the baby, you should consult your pediatrician if you may only recommend putting orange or grape juice in the diet.

Diarreas

After birth, through the first stools, the baby passes meconium. These stools are green and black, sticky and odorless. A few days later the baby defecates the feces of transition are becoming more yellowish and less abundant, until the commencement of normal defecation.

Diarrhea is very rare in breastfed babies. These infants usually make a semi-liquid stool after each feeding, the color is yellowish, odorless, acid and small whitish lumps.

True diarrhea is accompanied by discomfort, bloating, stagnation or decline in weight and, sometimes, fever or vomiting.

If you notice a sudden change in the characteristics of the deposition or increase the number of times the baby defecates without food has changed, you must go to the pediatrician.

Infant Colic

Sometimes, especially in the late afternoon, the baby feels bad but have eaten their fill has burped and no apparent symptoms of illness. The baby cries regularly, sometimes violently, because he has a sense of discomfort due to digestive problems also prevent him from establishing the rhythms of sleep. Infant colic is a very common disorder that usually disappears before three months.

Acute episodes of crying can be repeated several times over a period of time that can last up to 3 or 4 hours. The most common symptoms of this disorder are:

“The baby did not get to sleep or suddenly wakes up screaming and crying, while twists, red or pale.
“The gut is tight, inflamed, released gases and” you can hear the guts. ”
“The depositions may have a sour smell, a greenish color, little consistency, and Jacquet dermatitis may appear by the high acidity of the stool.
“He’s constipated, blushes, squirms and cries because he is a great effort to defecate. The stools are dry, like marbles and infrequent.

When the cramps are mild, grasping the baby relaxes in his arms and rocking him gently, but if they are intense, the pediatrician may indicate the administration of medication to alleviate the problem.

Even if the baby has a great capacity to adapt, you may experience some digestive problems that require attention:

Muguet

This fungal disease (thrush) is characterized in that the baby has a whitish spots, as dregs of milk on the lips and inside the mouth (gums, tongue, palate or inside of the cheeks). This fungal infection causes irritation and discomfort in the mouth, preventing normal food.

In these cases, the pediatrician prescribes an antifungal treatment based on local or general because the thrush may spread to the buttocks. It is also very important to follow a strict physical care during the 10 or 15 days that the problem may persist.

Regurgitation and vomiting

The baby spits up and eject small amounts of milk from the esophagus or stomach with no nausea or contractions of muscles of the abdomen. It is usual in the first weeks of life and will not affect weight gain. Regurgitation usually decrease with increasing age and disappear by eight months.

Regurgitation has nothing in common with the vomiting of large amounts of food accompanied by nausea in infants who have not vomited earlier. This problem requires medical consultation.

Esophageal Pain

When this occurs, the baby refuses to take food, regurgitates twists and easily. You may have abdominal pain while eating and at the end of the outlet, belching are acidic and irritate the lining of the esophagus.

The doctor prescribes a treatment given before or after feedings and advises parents that after eating the food will hold the baby upright while holding the head and back. It is also advisable to sleep with his head a little higher than the rest of the body.

Hiccup

Usually occurs after taking a few minutes and persist. There is no danger. It may be that the food reaching the stomach, it will distend and cause a reflex of the diaphragm, which is the muscle separating the chest and abdomen.

Sudden refusal to eat and drink

The baby refuses the breast or bottle. She cries, twisting his legs shaking and vomiting. When it appears to be calm, pale exhausted and writhe in pain again. Faced with these symptoms need to go urgently to the doctor because it could be an acute intussusception.

Credit to: Akemi La Rosa

The baby does not know how to sleep alone, like cuddling, tummy hurts, he’s afraid of the dark … these are some major sleep disorders.

The baby wakes up at night and not sleeping well. Sleep sometimes becomes a problem. Understand what upsets the baby and act appropriately in different circumstances is the safest way to help restore its natural rhythm of sleep without falling into bad habits.

We offer a helpful guide to the most common sleep disorders and possible solutions:

• Everything is too new for him. He has spent the womb into an unknown world. The toddler has to become accustomed to external stimuli: he wakes up and cries often for no apparent reason.

What to do?

You have to transmit security. To help you fall asleep, put a lien on your cradle or doll.

• Still hungry. His life follows the rhythms of the hours of the meal is normal that when you take him off the night, the boy wakes up asking for milk.

What to do?

Delays everything when the last shot at night.

• Cries in the night. Crying at night is typical of the first three months of life. This indicates that the small crisis begins to perceive the difference between day and night, and this development is concerned.

What to do?

Acúnale sweetly, let them vent and go to sleep from sheer exhaustion.

• Not feeling well. A cold, diaper rash, fever … Small health problems you nervous.

What to do?

In the acute phase of the disease can lead to the crib room mom and dad.

• You have a stomachache. These disturbances are common between three weeks and three months and are due to cramps. Spontaneously disappear after three or four months.

What to do?
Masajéale tummy in the sense of clockwise and anti-crisis more severe, call your pediatrician.

• He misses his mom. The change due to return to work of the mother has an impact on the mood of the child.

What to do?

Tell the person to stay in charge of small (babysitting, childcare, grandparents …) to the usual schedule of feedings and baby sleep, and organize your schedule so you can spend as much time as possible with him.

• Has fear of loneliness. About eight or nine months, the small beginning to see the presence or absence of mom and dad.

What to do?

Pass on tenderness and safety, explaining that her parents are with him. However, when getting into bed, do not stand beside him.

• He is afraid of the dark. This fear manifests itself about two years, when little begins to develop a great imagination.

What to do?

Staying at his side does not help you overcome your fear, let alone start looking monsters. It is best to explain that is safe.

Ringworm is a skin infection caused by microscopic fungi which, according to the affected area takes on different names: tinea pedis, t. unguium, t. capitis, t. corporis, t. cruris or ringworm of the skin, nails, head, body, and English.

The most widespread form is ringworm of the feet, also called athlete’s foot, affecting mainly children who frequent the gym or pool. It may not show signs or cause redness between the toes, before the skin to macerate and break, causing intense itching.

If not controlled, the rash may spread to the rest of the foot and spread to the nails and sole. To eliminate athlete’s foot provided under doctor’s prescription, you can apply an antifungal cream, being careful to wash before the child’s feet and drying them carefully.

The ointment should be applied for 2-3 weeks and at least one more week after the disappearance of ringworm, but, apparently, the foot is already cured. In general, healing requires 2-3 weeks. Meanwhile, the child must wear suitable footwear. Avoid putting a child or plastic shoes too tight shoes, are preferable shoes of leather or natural fibers, to be changed often.

When you go to the pediatrician

It may be necessary to enable them to manage the doctors:

- The rash spreads to the rest of the child’s foot.

- If there is pus, it is a sign that there is an infection caused by streptococcus or staphylococcus.

- The child feels much pain.

- Despite the application of the ointment, a week has passed since the start of treatment, the situation does not improve.

- The skin does not heal past four weeks after start of treatment.